oral stable glutathione caps Liposomal Capsules – lipolife Glutathione Reduced 500 mg, Veggie

Hoque A, Strom SS, Annegers JF, Spitz MR, Cooper SP, Ford C, Andreeff M

10.1002/14651858.CD007020.pub4 95

10.3389/fpubh.2020.00051 12

Abbreviations AD: Adefovir Dipivoxil ASGPR: Asialoglycoprotein receptor HBc: Core protein cccDNA: Covalently closed circular DNA DOCK11: Dedicator of cytokinesis 11 DAAs: Direct-acting antivirals EPR: Enhanced permeability and retention AuNPs: Gold-NPs GQDs: Graphene quantum dots HAV: Hepatitis A Virus HBV: Hepatitis B Virus HbsAg: Hepatitis B Virus surface antigen HCV: Hepatitis C Virus HDV: Hepatitis D Virus HEV: Hepatitis E Virus LNPs: Lipid-based nanoparticles MNPs: Magnetic nanoparticles Ng: NanoGel NPs: Nanoparticles NLCs: Nanostructured lipid carriers PRRs: Pattern recognition receptors PEG: Polyethylene glycol QDs: Quantum dots RNAi: RNA interference AgNPs: Silver nanoparticles siRNA: Small interfering RNA NTCP: Sodium taurocholate Co-transporting polypeptide receptor SLNs: Solid lipid nanoparticles VLPs: Virus-like particles WHO: World Health Organization References Purcell RH

Assuming high potency as the starting point, very low and variable oral bioavailability are therefore the main reasons that there are so few current FDA-approved oral formulations of peptides for systemic delivery (Table 1)